Teen Shootings and Media Hype
by Robert W. Kubey
No one fully understands what happened in Springfield, Oregon Thursday or in Jonesboro,
Ark., in March, and perhaps we never will. But certain facts about how the media
operate and what the media now regularly invite us to share as a culture are worthy
of consideration.
I'm not saying that the media directly caused these outrageous acts. But one has
to wonder if such events would have happened were we living in the media environment
of the 1890s, or even the 1950s.
The question that must be answered is why these events are happening now?
Today's extensive media coverage is surely fueling the likelihood of the next
school shooting by providing a model for the direct expression of disturbed fantasies.
And what quicker way for a lonely and troubled youth to suddenly gain the attention
he desperately seeks than to commit a heinous act that the mass media have demonstrated
will garner intense coverage, broadcasting the once unknown perpetrator's name hundreds
of times to every corner of the nation?
Consider, too, what all this coverage is doing to the generational self-image
of young people aged 10 to 15. My 12-year-old son's friends talk about how they are
the "psycho" generation.
Ten isolated youths run very badly amok over a few months and suddenly people
are talking of an epidemic, saddling a good chunk of contemporary youths with a completely
undeserved image of themselves as a group, one that they may well carry for years
to come.
The National Institute of Mental Health concluded more than 25 years ago that
while the great majority of people are not made more violent by violent media, there
are people who are more psychologically at risk than others and that the media do
play a role in their behavior. Consider that even if that proportion is as low as
1 out of every 100,000 people, we are left with 2,700 such people in the US. It only
took three to wreak havoc in Jonesboro and Springfield.
Is it more or less probable that the school shootings would occur in a society
that traffics constantly in extraordinarily violent media images compared, say, with
a society where such images don't occur at all? Would they have been less likely
to occur where, say, even one-tenth of all the shooting deaths we each witness in
our fictional media each year replaced by images and storylines where people worked
to resolve their differences nonviolently, through talk and negotiation?
What should we find more shameful in contemporary American society: three disturbed
boys opening fire on a group of innocent classmates, or the regular, horrific images
that adults working in the media industries churn out expressly for young people
to experience?
It is true that millions of parents need to exercise more responsibility. But
no parent can be present all the time, or at the neighbor's.
What can be done?
First, news outlets of all kinds might follow the lead of the Chicago Sun-Times'
very deliberate decision to run the Springfield story on Pages 2 and 3. They were
deluged with congratulations, with one reader e-mailing, "Brace yourself for
accusations of responsible journalism."
Second, Congress and the Federal Communications Commission should step up political
and legal pressure to more effectively limit and regulate the production and distribution
of media violence. Third, consumers should know that economic boycotts can be effective
when directed toward media excess. Fourth, educators with parents - through PTAs,
religious and scouting groups - can become more active in instituting formal programs
of media education that help get young people to think more critically about their
media choices. Such programs are now required of all students in Australia, and in
Grades 7 to 12 throughout large parts of Canada and England.
No one can predict or readily prevent the next episode of some sad, alienated
person running about with a loaded weapon.
But we can do something about children and adults being regularly exposed to media
images that can't help but be imitated by the most at-risk members of society while
also desensitizing many more audience members to the pain and misery of others.
Robert W. Kubey is associate professor of communication at Rutgers, The State
University of New Jersey. His most recent book is "Media Literacy in the Information
Age." (Transaction, 1997).
(Reprint, The Christian Science Monitor, May 27, 1998 edition)
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